Sound and light signals
Every sound signal, to listen to.
Each signal plays as blasts you can see and hear: a short blast is about a second, a prolonged blast four to six. Press play to hear it; turn your volume down first. Every blast plays at its true length: a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
Rule 33: Equipment for Sound Signals
Paragraph (a): Whistle, bell and gong
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
Whistle: required on every vessel of 12 m or more. It produces the prescribed short and prolonged blasts (Annex III).
- Bell
Bell: required in addition on vessels of 20 m or more.
- Gong
Gong: required in addition on vessels of 100 m or more; its tone must not be confused with that of the bell.
Paragraph (b): Vessels under 12 m
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Sound
Some other means of making an efficient sound signal, for example a portable horn, sufficient to be heard by other vessels.
Rule 34: Manoeuvring and Warning Signals
Paragraph (a): Whistle signals
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
One short blast: "I am altering my course to starboard."
- Whistle
Two short blasts: "I am altering my course to port."
- Whistle
Three short blasts: "I am operating astern propulsion."
Paragraph (c): Overtaking in a narrow channel
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
Two prolonged + one short: "I intend to overtake you on your starboard side."
- Whistle
Two prolonged + two short: "I intend to overtake you on your port side."
- Whistle
Prolonged–short–prolonged–short, the overtaken vessel’s agreement.
Paragraph (d): Doubt signal
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
At least five short and rapid blasts: doubt. The vessel sounding it does not understand the other’s intentions, or doubts that she is taking enough action to avoid collision.
Paragraph (e): Bends
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
One prolonged blast, sounded by a vessel nearing a bend or an obstruction that hides other vessels.
- Whistle
One prolonged blast in answer, given by any approaching vessel within hearing around the bend or behind the obstruction.
Rule 35: Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility
Paragraph (a): Power-driven, making way
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
One prolonged blast at intervals of not more than 2 minutes: a power-driven vessel making way through the water.
Paragraph (b): Power-driven, underway but stopped
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
Two prolonged blasts about 2 s apart, at intervals of not more than 2 minutes: a power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no way.
Paragraph (c): NUC, RAM, CBD, sailing, fishing, towing
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
One prolonged + two short, at intervals of not more than 2 minutes: NUC, RAM, constrained by draught, sailing, fishing, or towing/pushing.
Paragraph (d): Fishing or RAM at anchor
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
One prolonged + two short, at intervals of not more than 2 minutes: a vessel fishing at anchor, or a RAM vessel working at anchor (instead of the anchor bell).
Paragraph (e): Vessel towed
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
One prolonged + three short, at intervals of not more than 2 minutes: a manned vessel being towed, made just after the towing vessel’s signal.
Paragraph (f): Composite unit
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
Treated as one power-driven vessel: it gives the paragraph (a) signal when making way (or the paragraph (b) signal when stopped).
Paragraph (g): At anchor
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Bell
Bell rung rapidly for about 5 seconds, every minute: a vessel at anchor.
- Bell + Gong
Vessel of 100 m or more: the bell forward, immediately followed by the gong sounded rapidly aft.
- Whistle
One short, one prolonged, one short: an optional whistle signal to warn an approaching vessel of her position.
Paragraph (h): Aground
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Bell
Three distinct strokes, the rapid 5-second ringing, then three distinct strokes again: a vessel aground.
Paragraph (i): Vessels 12 m to under 20 m
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Sound
Some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes: a vessel of 12 to 20 m that does not give the anchor or aground bell signals.
Paragraph (j): Vessels under 12 m
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Sound
Some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes: where the prescribed appliances are not carried.
Paragraph (k): Pilot vessel
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Whistle
Four short blasts: an optional identity signal for a pilot vessel on pilotage duty.
Rule 37: Distress Signals
Rule 37: Distress signals
Played at true length: a short blast lasts about 1 second and a prolonged blast 4 to 6 seconds (Rule 32). Here a prolonged blast plays for 5 seconds.
- Sound
A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute.
- Sound
A continuous sounding with any fog-signalling apparatus.
- Whistle
The group · · · – – – · · · (SOS) in the Morse Code, made by any signalling method. A Morse dash is three times the length of a dot, not a prolonged blast.
A training aid, not the official text. The COLREGs are an IMO convention, and your national authority publishes the version that applies in its waters. Check the rules themselves before you rely on them at sea. Download the rules.